Step 1

A flat metal strip is punched into circular disks.

Step 2

The disks are formed into small cups. Then, these cups are degreased in a modern washing bay and annealed in a vacuum furnace.

Step 3

A series of long draws transforms the cup into a seamless, closed-end tube of the highest quality.

Step 4

While in the forming die, 1500psi of water pressurizes the inside of the tube as it is compressed, creating the corrugations.

Step 5

The bellows are trimmed to size.

Step 6

A final compression stage sets the bellows and gives it spring-like characteristics.